Mathematics Formula Book

Area of circle

A = πr²

Circumference

C = 2πr

Area of rectangle

A = l × w

Area of triangle

A = ½ × b × h

Pythagoras

a² + b² = c²

Sum of angles in triangle

∠A + ∠B + ∠C = 180°

Volume of cube

V = a³

Volume of cylinder

V = πr²h

Volume of sphere

V = (4/3)πr³

Surface area of sphere

S = 4πr²

Square of sum

(a + b)² = a² + 2ab + b²

Difference of squares

a² − b² = (a + b)(a − b)

Quadratic formula

x = (−b ± √(b² − 4ac)) / 2a

Linear equation

ax + b = 0 ⇒ x = −b/a

Pythagorean identity

sin²θ + cos²θ = 1

Tangent

tan θ = sin θ / cos θ

Sine rule

a/sin A = b/sin B = c/sin C

Cosine rule

c² = a² + b² − 2ab cos C

Mean

x̄ = Σx / n

Median

Middle value of sorted data

Probability

P(E) = favourable / total

Percentage

p% of N = p × N / 100

Simple interest

SI = P × R × T / 100

Compound amount

A = P(1 + R/100)ᵀ

Profit %

(SP − CP) / CP × 100

Speed

Speed = Distance / Time